Survival- The ability to stay alive anywhere

Search and Rescue (SAR) Context- Short term - less than 72 hours

Necessities for Sustaining Life

1. Air (minutes)
2. Shelter (hours)
3. Water (days)
4. Food (weeks)

Maintain Body Heat; Losses result from:

1. Conduction
2. Radiation
3. Convection
4. Evaporation
5. Respiration

Resources

1. You:
   Brain
   Strength
   Will tol live
2. Clothing: LAYERS to reduce heat flow
   wool
   wetchill
   windchill
3. Field pack
   essentials - minimum equipment for outdoor travel
   Trashbags
   Water
   Food

DON'T GET SEPARATED FROM YOUR FIELD PACK

Fear Management

S- Stop
T- Think
O- Observe
P- Plan

Ways to Control Fear in Self

• Do not try to physically or mentally run away from the situation. Recognize fear for what it is an accept it. Try to learn what your reactions are likely to be by looking at your daily habits.
• Learn how to make decisions quickly and logically by establishing good habits. Take positive action to take control of the situation instead of letting it control you.
• Develop self-confidence by continually expanding your comfort zone to encompass experiences you are not familiar with. Define your fears and recognize them.
• Realize "it can happen to me" and be prepared. Be properly equipped and prepared at all times. Always have a number of options in your plan. Prepare for the worst and hope for teh best.
  Keep informed and increase your knowledge to reduce the unknown.
  Have procedures mapped out so that you will be busy. If not physically, then mentally.
• Set realistic goals.
• Realize that teamwork always accomplishes more than a one person show.
• Use afirmative self talk. Talk positively about your actions.
• Gather as mush information about your situation as you can.
• Cultivate good survival oriented attitudes. The main goal is survival with everything kept in perspective. Discomforts of teh moment are only temporary.

Ways to Control Fear in Others

• Cultivate mutual support.
• Use good leadership practices
• Practice dicipline
• Use positive contagion to advantage.
• Do not idicate resentment of others' reactions. Accept a person's right to individual feelings.
• Do not chide others. Accept a person's limitations.
• Comfort them without encouraging them to feel sorry for themselves.
• Involve them in simple tasks.

Stoffel, Robert and LaValla, Patrick, Survival Sense for Pilots and Passengers, 1980, Emergency Response Institute.

Summary

1. DON'T GET SEPARATED FROM YOUR FIELD PACK
   -Carry the essential for wilderness travel
2. DON'T GET SEPARATED FROM YOUR FIELD PACK
   -Carry the essential for wilderness travel
3. Manage your personal resources:
   -Maintain body temperature -- SHELTER (TRASHBAGS)
   -Maintain Fluid Balance-- WATER
   -Maintain radio contact with Base
4. Stay Found; use your map and compass
5. Know your own limits and stay in good condition
6. Keep a positive mental atitude
7. Carry trashbags, whisle, and water on all outdoor excursions

Suggested readings:

Stoffel, Robert and LaValla, Patrick, Survival Sense for Pilots and Passengers, 1980, Emergency Response Institute.

Fear, Gene, Surviving the Unexpected Wilderness Emergency, 1975, Survival Education Association.